Directing
Directing is the process to make people do what you have planned them to do in previous functions of management in order to achieve stated goal of the organization.
Functions of Directing
1. The managers should take the management responsibilities if there is employee’s misconduct or actions.
2. The organization and the people always go together. Managers helps its people in professional planning and development.
3. Includes inspiring, communicating, and guiding.
How to effectively carry out the Managerial Function of Directing
1. Make subordinates understand their jobs and according to the instructions presented.
2. Whatever plans are presented, can be employ only once the actual work starts. So there’s a need for the manager to constantly initiate the activity with them.
3. Inspire the workers so they can do best.
4. Maintain discipline and positive environment.
How good are the results that you get from your subordinates
1. Output/production- works should be finish on time
2. Quality and workmanship-minimum/zero error
3. Cost and budget control- manage resources well
Approaches in Directing Subordinates
Take opinions/ideas from subordinates. Weigh and do not waste. Appreciate and Value their thoughts. Make positive feedbacks.
Motivation
It is helpful for the subordinates to give the best of their abilities. Drive Booster.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need
Abraham Maslow- levels of human need. { basic to Most Complex}
- Physiological needs- water, food, physical well-being, air, etc.
- Safety needs- security :Personal, Financial ,Health Safety net against accidents/illness
- Social-Love and belongingness,(conversations of employees and Managers in breaktime)
- Esteem- confidence, respect from others, self-esteem, achivements
- Self-actualization- full potential
Herzberg’s Motivator/Hygiene Approach
Factors in job satisfaction result from needs
1. Hygiene factor- if absent, do not motivate (status ,salary, company, security)
2. Motivation factors-for higher performance (achievement,interest,challenging work )
McClelland’s Needs-based Motivational Model
David McClelland –characterized behavior
1. n-ach: Need for achievement:-Seeks achievement, attainment of goals and advancement. ;for feedback, sense of accomplishment and progress
2. n-pow: Need for authority and power- to influence and make an impact. ;to lead and to increase personal status and prestige.
3. n-affil: Need for affiliation:friendships, interaction and to be liked.
Expectancy theory of Victor Vroom
In order for a person to be motivated that effort, performance and motivation must be linked.
Harold J. Leavitt
People do best in a chain of command. Hierarchy is best.
Communication-Transfer information
Elements
1. Medium-carrier
2. Message- most critical
3. Speaker-clear
4. Listener-full attention
5. Feedback- reaction
6. Interference- distractions
7. Context –setting
Communication Techniques
1. Effective Speaking-clarity
2. Effective Listening- active,critical
3. Feedback-mirror
4. Alert to Nonverbal Signals- gesture,etc,individual personality
Barriers to Communication
1. Physical Barriers- physical disabilities
2. Psychological – prejudgement,personality
3. Cultural -ethnic, religious, and social differences
4. Attitude and behavior- ex. silence meaning, avoidance, changing subjects
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